Phonological Variations in Nigerian English: An Exploratory Study of Vowel Shifts

Abstract

This study undertakes an in-depth examination of phonological variations in Nigerian English, with a specific focus on vowel shifts amongst speakers of Nigerian English. Utilising a qualitative analytical approach, this study examines the extent to which vowel shifts occur in Nigerian English and the factors influencing these shifts. The findings reveal significant variations in vowel pronunciation amongst speakers of Nigerian English, with vowel shifts being more pronounced amongst speakers from different ethnic groups. With a specific focus on vowel shifts among speakers from four major ethnic groups—Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, and Fulani. Utilising a qualitative analytical approach, the study analyses the extent and nature of vowel shifts and the linguistic, social, and cultural factors influencing them. The findings reveal significant intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic vowel variations, shaped not only by language contact but also by broader sociolinguistic factors. The study's findings have significant implications for language teaching and learning in Nigeria. Language teachers should be aware of the phonological variations in Nigerian English and accommodate them in their teaching practices. This can help promote more effective communication and improve the overall learning experience for students. Furthermore, the study's findings highlight the need for a more nuanced understanding of Nigerian English phonology. By recognising the variations that exist across spoken English in Nigeria, language educators and policymakers can develop more effective language teaching and learning strategies. The study employed a qualitative approach, utilising qualitative data collection and analytical methods. The study participants consisted of randomly selected Nigerian English speakers, from four ethnic groups (Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba, and Fulani). The participants were recorded reading passages and engaging in conversational exercises. The recordings were transcribed and analysed using phonetic transcription and acoustic analysis software. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on Nigerian English phonology, providing insights into the phonological variations that occur in Nigerian English. The study's findings have implications for language teaching and learning, language assessment, and testing in Nigeria.